Rom 5:12-19

Romans 5 is personifying Sin, Death, Salvation etc., using the current perceptions of these concepts as a starting point for Paul's teachings. It helps to picture it all as a play where the concepts are the actors [I've only got a few minutes, so there are surely errors here too].

Therefore, just as through one person Sin entered The World, and, through Sin, Death, so that Death travels among all people, since all have sinned --

For until the Law regarding Sin was in The World, Sin remained unrecorded, since there was no Law,

But Death was king from Adam to Moses, even over those who had not sinned in the same way Adam disobeyed, he was an example of what the One Who Would Come would be like.

But the Gift was not like the Crime, for when one sinned all died, the Grace of God did much more, and the Gift flowed out to many by the Grace of one Man, but the Gift was not like the One who sinned, for the Judgment came from a single Conviction, but the Gift added many Crimes up to equal Justice. For if Death was made king by the crime of the One, rather, through the One: Jesus Christ, a much greater Overflow of Grace and of the Gift of Justice is becoming king. Therefore, as, through one man's crime, Conviction came to all men, so also through one Justice came to all men with the result of innocent Life. For, just as through the disloyalty of One man many were made sinners, through the obedience of One Righteous Man, many were approved.